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The purpose of this paper was to identify similarities and differences between domestic and international student’s expectations of their tertiary experience, as well as the way in which they evaluate the quality of the service that they receive from their tertiary provider. The paper develops an augmented model of service quality which is adapted to suit the tertiary education context.

The study adopted a qualitative research approach. A total of six focus groups were conducted with a total of 36 International students and domestic students. All students were enrolled in the third year of an undergraduate degree at one large metropolitan university in Australia. The data were analyzed using qualitative analytic techniques and coded using NVIVO.

First, the study found that there are significant challenges with regard to the use of student expectations as the foundation for assessing students’ service quality evaluations. This is because students were found to have vague expectations, and limited prior experience of the service from which to shape their expectations. In addition students were found to form their expectations as they consumed the service, throughout their degree program which often spanned three to four years. Second, the study found that traditional dimensions of service quality were not sufficient to capture the depth of international and domestic students’ service evaluations. The study proposed the inclusion of an additional two service quality constructs, namely, social benefits and co-creation/participation.

Two new dimensions of service quality emerged from this study, “Social benefits” and “Co-creation/Participation”. The study therefore suggests that the tertiary experience should be enhanced through the provision of additional opportunities for student to staff and student to student interactions. In addition, tertiary institutions should also enhance opportunities for engagement within both the academic and industry environment.

Geht man den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Flugverkehr und Tourismus etwas nach, so muss sich das jüngste Verkehrsmittel auch im “Zeitalter des Luftverkehrs” bescheiden: Fremdenverkehr, auch internationalen, gab es längst, bevor Louis Blériot im Jahre 1909 den triumphalen Erstflug über den Ärmelkanal ausführte, längst bevor Oskar Bider 1913 als erster Schweizer das Zentralalpenmassiv auf seinem Flug Bern‐Domodossola‐Mailand bezwang. War doch der europäische Flugverkehr in seinen Anfangs‐jahren der Entwicklunginsbesondere vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg und nachher noch bis etwa 1925 — als Verkehrsmittel wirtschaftlich gesehen bedeutungslos; das Flugzeug spielte für die Beförderung von Touristen zwischen Wohndomizil und Ferienort (und übrigens auch im Geschäftsverkehr) praktisch überhaupt noch keine Rolle. Mehr als bescheiden, aber immerhin doch schon vorhanden war demzufolge in jener Zeit auch die gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Flugverkehr und Tourismus: Einerseits lösten die schon recht zahlreich abgehaltenen “Flugmeetings” in den Jahren 1910 bis 1914 und nach 1920 sowohl im Ausland, als auch in der Schweiz eine ungeheure Welle von Flugbegeisterung und kühnen Zukunftshoffnungen für die Fliegerei aus und vermochten Fremde in grosser Zahl aus dem In‐ und Ausland nach den jeweiligen Veranstaltungsorten anzulocken; anderseits konnte das jüngste Verkehrsmittel besonders in den Zentren des Fremdenverkehrs bereits damals auch schon vom Tourismus profitieren. (So führte zum Beispiel die “Aero‐Gesellschaft” in Luzern, gegründet unter anderem auch unter Mitwirkung von seiten des Gastgewerbes, schon während der Jahre 1910 bis 1913 zahlreiche Rundflüge mit Luftschiffen, Land‐ und Wasserflugzeugen als grosse Attraktion für Fremde und Einheimische aus.)

The “homo oeconomicus” is a fiction. The real human beings live their emotions which play an important rule mainly during their holidays.

As pitting corrosion is probably the most damaging type of wet corrosion, an understanding throughout industry of this phenomenon, which is the condition between complete immunity to attack and general corrosion, is essential. This article is concerned with pitting corrosion in general, but it also contains the results of some original research recently completed by the author on the corrosion pitting of stainless steels.

This article, which is an exercise in anti‐corrosive measures in regard to exporting, examines the resources the manufacturer of corrodible products has available to him, the uses to which they can be put and the measure of success that can be anticipated provided certain rules are adhered to.

UNITED KINGDOM Aluminium alloys for water‐cooled power reactors. The corrosion properties of aluminium‐nickel‐iron alloys in both static and dynamic high‐temperature water are described. It is shown that the corrosion‐resistance in high‐temperature water flowing at 20 ft./sec. is about eight times that in a static system, and that there is little effect of alloy composition under dynamic conditions. Under flowing conditions, the corrosion rate is shown to be very dependent on the amount of aluminium surface within the dynamic system, and this is thought to be due to saturating the water with aluminium oxide. Under dynamic conditions, the lowest corrosion rate observed is about 8 by 10–3 in./year, but an oxide film formed on samples in static water will reduce the corrosion rate to about 2 by 10–3 in./year. The effect of inhibitors is discussed, and also that of heat flux. Results are given for both short‐ and long‐term mechanical properties. The properties of these alloys are discussed in relation to water‐cooled power reactors, and it is shown that at the present stage of development they are not competitive with zirconium alloys for fuel sheathing.—(E. C. W. Perryman, J. Inst. Metals, 1959–60, 88, 62–73.)

Presented herein is information developed by a panel of the Sub‐Committee on Corrosion of the American Institute of Petroleum concerned with the mechanism of corrosion inhibition, temperature limitations, detergent action and chemical composition of the high‐molecular‐weight organic inhibitors commonly used in process streams. Included is a literature survey on the mechanism of corrosion inhibition; refinery experiences with inhibitors as developed by a questionnaire; and information contributed by manufacturers of inhibitors. Other data pertinent to corrosion and inhibitor problems are discussed.

Erstmals seit vielen Jahren geriet die Leistungsbilanz der BR‐Deutschland im Jahr 1979 mit 10 Mrd DM in eine Defizitposition, im Jahr 1980 stieg das Leistungsbilanzdefizit auf 28 Mrd DM an. Ein erheblicher Teil dieser hohen Leistungsbilanzdefizite musste durch Rückgriff auf die Währungs‐reserven der Deutschen Bundesbank finanziert werden. Nachdem die deutschen Gold‐ und Devisenreserven bis zum Jahr 1979 aufgrund nachhaltiger Ueberschüsse in der Leistungsbilanz ständig gestiegen waren, beurteilten viele Beobachter in Deutschland die negative Entwicklung der Leistungsbilanz des Jahres 1980 als ein sehr bedrohliches Alarmzeichen. Um einen weiteren Verlust von Devisenreserven in der Zukunft zu verhindern, wurde insbesondere von einigen Politikern die Forderung nach einer Devisenbeschränkung für westdeutsche Touristen, die ins Ausland reisen wollen, in die öffentliche Diskussion eingebracht. Der in den vergangenen Jahren unaufhaltsam wachsende Strom von westdeutschen Auslandsreisenden, in Zeiten steigender Devisenüberschüsse von den deutschen Wirtschaftspolitikern nicht ungern gesehen, war einigen Leuten nun plötzlich ein Dorn im Auge. Tatsächlich sind die Westdeutschen seit 1973 Rekordhalter bei den internationalen Touris‐musausgaben. Im vergangenen Jahr gaben westdeutsche Touristen im Ausland rund 38 Mrd DM aus. Gleichzeitig betrugen die Deviseneinnahmen von ausländischen Touristen in der BR‐Deutschland nur etwa 12 Mrd DM. Der Passivsaldo der Reiseverkehrsbilanz kletterte in den siebziger Jahren sprunghaft von 5,4 Mrd DM (1970) auf ca. 26 Mrd DM (1980). Die näherungsweise grössenmässige Gleichheit von Leistungsbilanzdefizit und Passivsaldo der Reiseverkehrsbilanz im Jahr 1980 dürfte den Gedanken an eine Devisenbeschränkung für Auslandsreisen sehr stimuliert haben. Ist die Ansicht ökonomisch begründet, dass mit Hilfe einer Beschränkung von Reisedevisen das deutsche Leistungsbilanzdefizit wirksam reduziert werden kann?

To establish the place of Karl Knies in the history of economics of the German‐speaking academics.

Knies's economics teaching is summarized on the basis of a student's notebook of the course on general economics in Heidelberg, 1886. Knies's relation with two Austrian visitors, Friedrich Wieser and Eugen Böhm‐Bawerk, is explored. Finally, Knies's influence on Max Weber and Weber's difference from Knies is discussed.

This paper provides the structure and the summary of Knies's lecture, illuminates his inability to grasp the significance of Austrian value theory, and shows the new position that Max Weber acquired by absorbing the Austrian theory into the framework of historicism.

The comparison of (possibly) remaining notes of Knies's lectures may reveal the development as well as the wide coverage of his teaching in Heidelberg. Knies's influence on Max Weber should be studied more in detail by an archival investigation of young Weber's unpublished writings.

The mild and synthetic feature of the real teaching of Knies, “the methodologist of the Historical School”, and the true distinction of the Austrian value theory from the “use value” theory of German economists are shown clearly. Thus, the relation between Historicists and Austrians is established from the viewpoint of the economic theory.

Continuous quality improvement (CQI) programmes have been taken up widely by indigenous primary health care services in Australia, but as yet there has not been a systematic assessment of their focus and achievements. A scoping review of the literature from studies of CQI in indigenous primary health care services was undertaken to explore impacts on service systems, care and client outcomes with the aim of providing guidance on future evaluation efforts. The paper aims to discuss these issues,

Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to December 2016 and handsearching of key websites and publications. Studies of CQI programs or activities in Indigenous primary health care services which demonstrated some combination of CQI characteristics, as described by Rubenstein (2013) were included. A two-stage approach to analysis was undertaken. Stage 1 identified the range and scope of literature, and Stage 2 investigated impacts to service systems, care and client outcomes. The Framework for Performance Assessment in Primary Health Care was used to frame the Stage 2 analysis.

The majority of Aboriginal community controlled health services have been involved in CQI but there are gaps in knowledge about uptake in general practice and government clinics. There are as many baseline studies as studies on impacts over time. Of the 14 studies included for further analysis, 6 reported on impacts on service systems; all 14 reported on impacts on care and 6 on client outcomes. Changes to services systems are variable and studies of impacts on care and client outcomes show promising though uneven improvements. There are no economic studies or studies addressing community engagement in CQI activities.

To supplement existing limited knowledge about which service system change strategies are effective and sustainable for which problems in which settings, there needs to be investment in research and development. Research needs to be grounded in the realities of service delivery and contribute to the development of CQI capacity at the service level. Knowledge translation needs to be built into implementation to ensure maximum benefit to those endeavouring on a daily basis to constantly reflect on and improve the quality of the care they deliver to clients, and to the stewardship structures supporting services at regional, state/territory and national levels.

Improved approaches, methods, data capture and reporting arrangements are needed to enhance existing activity and to ensure maximum benefit to services endeavouring to reflect on and improve quality of care and to the stewardship structure supporting services at regional, state/territory and national levels.

Although there is a growing body of research evidence about CQI both nationally and internationally, and considerable investment by the federal government in Australia to support CQI as part of routine practice, there has not been a systematic assessment of the achievements of CQI in Indigenous primary health care services. Many unanswered questions remain about the extent of uptake, implementation and impacts. This is a barrier to future investment and regional and local programme design, monitoring and evaluation. The authors conducted a scoping review to address these questions. From this, the authors draw conclusions about the state of knowledge in Australia with a view to informing how future CQI research and evaluation might be intensified.